Wednesday, January 4, 2012

How Cosmic Rays Can Image the Throat of an Active Volcano [Video]

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Cosmic-ray muons that pass through Mount Vesuvius could reveal the interior structure, potentially indicating when the deadly volcano will next erupt. A video from NOVA


Mount Vesuvius from the air, 2007MOUNT VESUVIUS, the volcano that buried Pompeii, threatens Naples. Image: Courtesy of Pastorius/Wikimedia Commons

The volcano that buried Pompeii in A.D. 79 still rumbles deep down. Last erupting in 1944, Mount Vesuvius poses an ever-present threat to the Italian populations around Naples. Whether the volcano will erupt in Pompeiian proportions again is a question that preoccupies scientists monitoring it, as they hope to predict when Vesuvius will blow and provide adequate warning time.

One way to gauge the magnitude of an impending volcanic eruption is to determine the size of its "throat"?the internal tube through which magma travels upward to the surface. The larger the tube, the bigger the eruption is likely to be.

Hiroyuki Tanaka of the University of Tokyo reasoned that the throat could be "x-rayed" with energetic muons produced in cosmic-ray showers. The number of muons passing through the volcano would depend on the density of intervening rock, so measuring the number of muons passing through various parts of the volcano could yield a crude, 3-D view of the interior.

This clip from "Deadliest Volcanoes," by PBS's NOVA, provides a look at muon imaging. The entire NOVA program explores the threats from volcanoes around the world, including the supervolcano below Yellowstone National Park and the eruption threat in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. It airs on Wednesday, January 4, at 9 P.M. on PBS.

Watch Sneak Peak: Deadliest Volcanoes on PBS. See more from NOVA.

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Tuesday, January 3, 2012

George W. Bush barely mentioned in GOP campaign

FILE-- In a Jan. 25, 2007 file photo President George W. Bush waves as he departs the White House in Washington for a trip to Missouri to speak on healthcare. The eight-year Bush presidency has merited no more than a fleeting reference in the current GOP contest for the presidential nomination, (AP Photo/Ron Edmonds/file)

FILE-- In a Jan. 25, 2007 file photo President George W. Bush waves as he departs the White House in Washington for a trip to Missouri to speak on healthcare. The eight-year Bush presidency has merited no more than a fleeting reference in the current GOP contest for the presidential nomination, (AP Photo/Ron Edmonds/file)

(AP) ? A funny thing happened recently in the presidential campaign in Iowa: The last Republican president's name actually surfaced.

"We've had, in the past, a couple of presidents from Texas that said they weren't interested in wars ... like George W. Bush," a voter said to Ron Paul, the Texas congressman who has been sharply critical of U.S. military entanglements overseas. "My question is: How can we trust another Texan?"

It was an odd, almost discordant moment in a GOP contest where Bush, a two-term president who left office just three years ago, has gone all but unmentioned. While the candidates routinely lionize Ronald Reagan and blame President Barack Obama for the nation's economic woes, none has been eager to embrace the Bush legacy of gaping budget deficits, two wars and record low approval ratings ? or blame him for the country's troubles either.

"Republicans talk a lot about losing their way during the last decade, and when they do they're talking about the Bush years," said Jack Pitney, a political science professor at Claremont-McKenna College. "For Republicans, the Bush administration has become the 'yadda yadda yadda' period of American history."

The eight-year Bush presidency has merited no more than a fleeting reference in televised debates and interviews. When it does surface it's often a point of criticism, as when former Pennsylvania Sen. Rick Santorum told CNN on Sunday that he regretted voting for the No Child Left Behind education law Bush championed.

The former president himself has been all but invisible since leaving office in 2009 with a Gallup approval rating of just 34 percent. His predecessor, Democrat Bill Clinton, had a 66 percent approval rating in early 2001 when he stepped down after two terms marred by a sex scandal and impeachment.

In a presidential contest dominated by concerns over the weak economy, government spending and the $15 trillion federal debt, the Republican candidates have been loath to acknowledge the extent to which Bush administration policies contributed to those problems. Republicans also controlled Congress for six of the eight years Bush was in the White House, clearing the way for many of his policies to be enacted.

There is no question that Obama's policies, including the federal stimulus program and the auto industry bailout, have swollen the deficit and deepened the debt. And three years into his presidency, Obama often falls back on complaints about the bad situation he inherited when seeking to defend his own economic performance.

But while Obama may be overly eager to blame the Bush years for the nation's problems, GOP presidential contenders seem just as eager to pretend those years never happened.

Taking office in 2001 with a balanced federal budget and a surplus, Bush quickly pushed through sweeping tax cuts that were not offset by spending cuts. The tax cuts have cost about $1.8 trillion, according to estimates by the Congressional Budget Office and the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.

The Bush tax cuts were set to expire after 10 years, but Obama allowed them to remain in place temporarily in exchange for an extension of unemployment benefits and a payroll tax cut.

The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan launched after the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks never were budgeted and have cost taxpayers about $1.4 trillion so far. Obama ordered the last troops out of Iraq in December, but the Afghanistan conflict will extend into 2014.

Bush signed legislation in 2003 enacting a prescription drug benefit as part of Medicare, the government health care plan for seniors ? a huge entitlement program projected to cost as much as $1.2 trillion over 10 years.

The Troubled Asset Relief Program, the bank bailout program widely loathed by many conservatives, was another Bush-era program. Congress authorized nearly $700 billion for the program at the recommendation of Bush's treasury secretary, former Goldman Sachs executive Henry Paulson, in response to the collapse of Lehman Brothers and the subsequent financial crisis in the fall of 2008. As a presidential candidate, Obama supported the TARP bailout, as did his GOP rival, Sen. John McCain.

To be sure, today's GOP candidates occasionally acknowledge that not all was perfect pre-Obama.

"The reason we find ourselves in the problem today is because we had Republicans and Democrats ? you couldn't tell the difference in the way they were spending," Rick Perry told a campaign audience in Cedar Rapids.

The Texas governor has been sharply critical of Congress, insisting he would bring an outsider's perspective to tackling the nation's economic woes as president.

Others have also tried to distance themselves from Washington and, by implication, the Bush years.

Mitt Romney stresses his experience as a businessman and as Massachusetts governor. Former Utah Gov. Jon Huntsman talks up his background as a chief executive. Newt Gingrich reminds voters that he presided over a balanced budget as speaker of the House during the Clinton years.

Santorum's surge into top-tier contention has sparked complaints from rivals about his votes on spending. Among other things, he voted in favor of the Medicare prescription drug program.

Bush still has loyal supporters who believe his legacy will be vindicated by history. But even they say the GOP field won't be embracing him anytime soon.

"Sad to say, they're looking at polling data that indicates they're better off not bringing him into the campaign," former Bush press secretary Ari Fleischer said. "I think President Bush has made America a safer nation and better nation and I'm proud of it. But politics isn't about what's fair, it's about winning."

___

Associated Press writer Philip Elliott in Cedar Rapids contributed to this report.

___

Follow Beth Fouhy on Twitter at www.twitter.com/bfouhy

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2012-01-03-US-Campaign-Where's-Bush?/id-07567eb831574906af819014ea915252

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Column: President Obama, try these resolutions for the new year

Lanikai, a lovely neighborhood of Kailua, Hawaii, was the perfect place for President Barack Obama to recharge his batteries by golfing, swimming and dining in fine restaurants. Remote, with narrow, winding roads and no public parking for its gorgeous beaches, it is far from the bustle of Honolulu.

We need a reinvigorated president to help us slog through 2012. So here is yet another suggested list of New Year's resolutions for Obama. (Hey, he's the only president we have. We should feel free to give him unsolicited advice.)

Obama should read more of our letters and emails detailing personal economic woes. Painful as it is to have families losing livelihoods and homes, he must keep that pain uppermost.

He should get out of the White House bubble more often, talking with "real families" about their concerns.

With the Romney machine about to hit Obama hard with ads decrying his performance on the economy, he should be out front with concrete examples of what he has done (e.g. saved the U.S. auto industry, implemented rules to stem Wall Street greed, insisted on a tax cut for the middle class that has helped prevent a double-dip recession, pushed through health care reform). Voters are not readily familiar with positive results the administration has achieved, and the White House has been ham handed in touting them. For example, most voters have no idea what health care changes will mean for them and have been scared by Republican attacks against the new law.

Obama needs to be seen as less cerebral and more confrontational with his Republican opponents. The short-lived growth spurt Newt Gingrich had at the polls was a reflection of the public's yearning for action and the need to have leaders "fighting" for them. The time for Obama to stay above the GOP fray is over.

Obama should reduce the number of foreign trips he takes in 2012. He has proved his credentials by assuring Osama bin Laden's demise and encouraging the Arab spring. Voters want him focused on the domestic economy.

Obama needs a cogent argument for why he should continue in office and why Mitt Romney's business skills (his ability to get donations to save the Winter Olympics in Utah) are not the answer the country seeks. Obama should demand specifics from Republicans. Obama should not underestimate how difficult it will be for him to win in November against a business community that wants fewer environmental controls, extension of tax cuts for the wealthy and less regulation.

Obama must be honest about our challenges but also must convey optimism. Americans are desperate to be optimistic again about their country and the future.

Obama should resolve to be more careful about making promises. His administration's insistence that the stimulus would drive unemployment down to 8 percent was foolish, although few expected the recession to be as bad as it proved to be.

Obama needs to resolve to stick to his guns. He caved on the size of the stimulus ? it should have been $1.2 trillion instead of $800 billion and should have been better designed. He did not back his bipartisan debt commission's recommendations. He let the tax cut for the wealthiest Americans be extended. Voters need to see backbone.

The hard work is not over. Obama needs to get tough with Democrats who put their pet projects in legislation and pay no attention to White House wishes. He must make sure the debt ceiling is lifted and that middle-class tax cuts and unemployment benefits are extended for the rest of 2012. He must come up with arguments on why these are vital to the economy to counter arguments this course is fiscally irresponsible.

Americans like Obama as a person. He should make sure that continues and that he is seen as appealing, caring and competent. Voters are too stressed to want a nasty personal race, the kind that Gingrich would have fomented. They want hard answers to hard questions about how the economy works and exactly what each candidate would do.

If Obama ignores such thoughts, he may be permanently vacationing in Lanikai.

? ? ?

Scripps Howard columnist Ann McFeatters has covered the White House and national politics since 1986.

Source: http://www.eagletribune.com/opinion/x1666057307/Column-President-Obama-try-these-resolutions-for-the-new-year

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Monday, January 2, 2012

Cubs hire Buckner as minor league hitting coach

updated 10:12 p.m. ET Dec. 30, 2011

CHICAGO - The Chicago Cubs have hired former star Bill Buckner as a minor league hitting coach.

Buckner will be with the Boise Hawks of the short-season Class A Northwest League. The Cubs made the announcement Friday.

Buckner played for the Cubs from 1977-84 and won the 1980 NL batting title. He was a career .289 hitter over 22 seasons.

The 62-year-old Buckner was a manager last year for Brockton, a Massachusetts team in the independent CanAm league. He previously was a hitting coach for the Chicago White Sox and held the same position in the minors for Toronto.

Copyright 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Sunday, January 1, 2012

NFL Week 17: Indianapolis Colts (2-13) at Jacksonville Jaguars (4-11)

So why are we previewing a totally meaningless game between Indianapolis and Jacksonville, two teams who have combined for six wins? Because of Andrew Luck. The Colts will get the No. 1 overall pick in the 2012 NFL draft if they lose and the chance to take Luck ? thus that could mean the end of Peyton Manning?s Hall of Fame career in Indy. The Colts also would get the top pick if they win and the Rams somehow upset San Francisco.

Two consecutive wins after an 0-13 start have left Indianapolis tied with St. Louis for the worst record in the league in the race for Luck. If the Colts and Rams finish tied, Indianapolis would ?win? the rights to the No. 1 pick in April?s draft based on the lower opposition winning percentage. Colts players have insisted they will play to win the game. Win or lose, Jacksonville is assured of a pick in the top eight.

Jaguars RB Maurice Jones-Drew enters the game leading the league with 1,437 yards rushing, 128 ahead of LeSean McCoy. Jones-Drew has a good chance to secure his first career rushing title against the Colts? 29th-ranked run defense. He rushed for 114 yards and a TD in Jacksonville?s 17-3 win over Indianapolis in Week 10. If he does win the rushing title, Jones-Drew would become just the second player since 1995 to lead the league in rushing while having the NFL?s worst passing offense. Baltimore?s Jamal Lewis also did it in 2003.

As losers of five of their last six, there hasn?t been much to cheer about lately for the Jaguars. A win and a rushing title for Jones-Drew would be a pleasant send-off for outgoing owner Wayne Weaver, who officially hands control of the team over to Shahid Khan on Jan. 4.

Is this the final game in a Colts uniform for veteran mainstays WR Reggie Wayne, C Jeff Saturday and DE Robert Mathis? Each is in the final year of his contract, and a roster overhaul could be in the works after the Colts? worst season in over a decade. Wayne, who is 113 yards shy of his eighth consecutive 1,000-yard season, is second in franchise history in receptions (854), receiving yards (11,635) and TD catches (73). Mathis is second on the Colts? all-time sack list with 82.5. Saturday is fifth in Colts history with 196 games played.

WAGERWEB.COM LINE ? Jaguars by 3.5

RECORD VS. SPREAD ? Indianapolis 6-9; Jacksonville 5-9-1

SERIES RECORD ? Colts lead 15-6

LAST MEETING ? Jaguars beat Colts 17-3, Nov. 13

LAST WEEK ? Colts beat Texans 19-16; Jaguars lost to Titans 23-17

COLTS OFFENSE ? OVERALL (30), RUSH (24), PASS (27)

COLTS DEFENSE ? OVERALL (27), RUSH (29), PASS (22)

JAGUARS OFFENSE ? OVERALL (32), RUSH (13), PASS (32)

JAGUARS DEFENSE ? OVERALL (5), RUSH (11), PASS (7)

STREAKS, STATS AND NOTES ?Should Jaguars, who have had little success against Peyton Manning, tank in hopes of keeping Indy out of top draft spot? ?It?s just talk,? Jaguars RB Maurice Jones-Drew said. ?When I was in college (at UCLA), Stanford wasn?t all that anyways, so I don?t know what all the hype is. You know what I mean? I?m just saying.? ? Colts have won two in row, both at home and with QB Dan Orlovsky starting. Orlovsky threw for 326 yards, with two touchdowns and no interceptions in wins against AFC South opponents Tennessee and Houston. ? RB Donald Brown equally effective, running 27 times for 196 yards in those victories. ? WR Reggie Wayne needs 113 yards receiving to reach 1,000 for eighth consecutive season. Wayne has 1,599 yards receiving against Jacksonville, his most against any team. ? Jones-Drew needs 136 yards on ground to surpass Fred Taylor?s franchise record (1,572) set in 2003. Taylor texted MJD earlier in week, telling him to get it done. ? Jones-Drew has run for at least 84 yards in 14 of 15 games, but his season high is 122 against Carolina.

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